Discover the Lithosphere in Plate Tectonics

In the field of geology, what is the lithosphere? The lithosphere is the brittle outer layer of the solid Earth. The plates of plate tectonics are segments of the lithosphere. Its top is easy to see -- its at the Earths surface -- but the base of the lithosphere is in a transition, which is an active area of research. Flexing the Lithosphere The lithosphere is not totally rigid, but slightly elastic. It flexes when loads are placed on it or removed from it. Ice-age glaciers are one type of load. In Antarctica, for example, the thick ice cap has pushed the lithosphere well below sea level today. In Canada and Scandinavia, the lithosphere is still unflexing where the glaciers melted about 10,000 years ago. Here are some other types of loading: Construction of volcanoesDeposition of sedimentRise in sea levelFormation of large lakes and reservoirs Here are other examples of unloading: Erosion of mountainsExcavation of canyons and valleysDrying up of large water bodiesLowering of sea level The flexing of the lithosphere from these causes is relatively small (usually much less than a kilometer [km]), but measurable. We can model the lithosphere using simple engineering physics, as if it were a metal beam, and get an idea of its thickness. (This was first done in the early 1900s.) We can also study the behavior of seismic waves and place the base of the lithosphere at depths where these waves begin to slow down, indicating softer rock. These models suggest that the lithosphere ranges from less than 20 kilometers  in thickness near the mid-ocean ridges to about 50 km in old oceanic regions. Under the continents, the lithosphere is thicker ... from around 100 to as much as 350 km. These same studies show that underneath the lithosphere is a hotter, softer layer of solid rock named the asthenosphere. The rock of the asthenosphere is viscous rather than rigid and deforms slowly under stress, like putty. Therefore the lithosphere can move across or through the asthenosphere under the forces of plate tectonics. This also means that earthquake faults are cracks that extend through the lithosphere, but not beyond it.   Lithosphere Structure The lithosphere includes the crust (the rocks of the continents and the ocean floor) and the uppermost part of the mantle beneath the crust. These two layers are different in mineralogy but very similar mechanically. For the most part, they act as one plate. Although many people refer to crustal plates, its more accurate to call them lithospheric plates. It appears that the lithosphere ends where the temperature reaches a certain level that causes average mantle rock (peridotite) to grow too soft. But there are many complications and assumptions involved, and we can only say that the temperature would be from about 600 C to 1,200 C. A lot depends on pressure as well as temperature, and the rocks vary in composition due to plate-tectonic mixing. Its probably best not to expect a definitive boundary. Researchers often specify a thermal, mechanical or chemical lithosphere in their papers. The oceanic lithosphere is very thin at the spreading centers where it forms, but it grows thicker with time. As it cools, more hot rock from the asthenosphere freezes onto its underside. Over the course of about 10 million years, the oceanic lithosphere becomes denser than the asthenosphere beneath it. Therefore, most of the oceanic plates are ready for subduction whenever it happens. Bending and Breaking the Lithosphere The forces that bend and break the lithosphere come mostly from plate tectonics. Where plates collide, the lithosphere on one plate sinks down into the hot mantle. In that process of subduction, the plate bends downward as much as 90 degrees. As it bends and sinks, the subducting lithosphere cracks extensively, triggering earthquakes in the descending rock slab. In some cases (such as in northern California) the subducted part can break off completely, sinking into the deep Earth as the plates above it change their orientation. Even at great depths, subducted lithosphere can be brittle for millions of years, as long as it is relatively cool. The continental lithosphere can split, with the bottom part breaking off and sinking. This process is called delamination. The crustal part of the continental lithosphere is always less dense than the mantle part, which in turn is denser than the asthenosphere beneath. Gravity or drag forces from the asthenosphere can pull the crustal and mantle layers apart. Delamination allows the hot mantle to rise and yield melt underneath parts of a continent, causing widespread uplift and volcanism. Places like Californias Sierra Nevada, eastern Turkey and parts of China are being studied with delamination in mind.

Business Ethics More Important Than You Think - 1577 Words

Cynthia Kowalski Mr. Flynn English 3, Period 8 30 January 2015 Business Ethics: More Important Than You Think There is no debate that building a business from the ground up is a difficult thing to do. Then, take into account all of the nuts and bolts, the little things that go into running a business. You have employees, inventory, stock, finances and everything that might slip through the cracks to worry about. Most importantly businesses have public perceptions. This very thing defines a business and how successful it may or may not be. The way the public reacts to business determines whether it will sinks or floats. There are two words, which if used correctly can change the fate of a company: business ethics. Ethics play a part in†¦show more content†¦However, Anglo American knew the gains they could make if they showed the public that they took the environment into mind. The company took a more expensive, less environmentally damaging way too mine and hoped that they would gain the public’s approval and it did (Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility). As a m ining company they do impact the environment and their company is a model example of how you can act ethically while doing something others may deem wrong. Even though they took a more financially demanding path, they took ethics into consideration and the company gained more support from the public and even increased the benefits for local communities. To say the least, ethics can help gain support from the public, but it also can improve the work environment. Workplace ethics are a critical part in maintaining and raising levels of productivity and teamwork. As a leading expert in business ethics once said â€Å"Many ethicists note that it’s the developing and continuing dialogue around the code of ethics that is most important in a place of employment.† (Gebler). Like stated before, when coworkers know the code of ethics in the work place they can be more respectful of the rules and regulations that the company set forth. If a company make the ethics and morals of it known to their employees they are less likely to go against them (Russell). However all company’s don’t make their ethical ground known and they pay the price.

Managing Startegic Resouces and Operations Amazon Company

Question: Discuss about the Managing Startegic Resouces and Operations for Amazon Company. Answer: Introduction Nowadays, online retail companies are growing considerably. We are witnessing a strong demand for products through their website as a customer feel lot of convenience in placing orders. Amazon Company is one of the major retail online selling company, incorporated on 28th May 1996, provides a number of goods and facilities through its websites. Amazon.com is a U.S. company, located in Seattle, Washington. It is the one of the major online retailer company in the United States. The company believes that the sale of different and usable goods and facilities over the Network can offer different useful benefits, to customers, with better range, constancy, sensible appraising and shopper gratification (Bag, 2016). The Amazon.com stores, suggests a number of forms of contents to develop the customers shopping practice and inspire purchases. The company international section emphases on retail sales of customers products with the seller and contributions, through a number of international websites. The case study of Amazon.com Company in terms of business analysis is not an easy task as Amazon, is known for the largest online retailer in the world. Amazon has designed its individual productions by means of digital know-how and doesnt have to open any store in real at prime location, thus giving an edge to online retail company physical to sell discounted products. Amazon believes in low cost retailing and its included those products that are sold at the nominal price at a minimum profit (Koester, 2015). In the beginning, the company started dealing with an online bookseller and expanded its business into movies, and music, and now ultimately into electronics and household products. Exploring new ideas is the main key to the success of Amazon business. A number of tests are held relating to marketing, product price, delivery charges, etc. Amazon business is considered to be the greatest buyer-centric company where public can bargain and determine almost whatever they need to purchase online. Amazon continues to grow in the field of vast selection, at a low price and buyer comfort (Leavy, 2006). Amazon business works with different vendors and offers facilities that allow vendors or sellers to sell products on their website. It offers computer-generated shelf space to other retailers and to individual sellers. Now a days small business, individual sellers increases their sales and influence innovative clients by leveraging the effect of Amazon business. The Amazon Company also introduces an online auction service entitled Amazon Auction. It started offering with toys and electronic products and then divided its product offering into the separate individual section on their site. This made easier for customers to shop for specific item chosen from needed section. (Lee van Wyk, 2014). In 2006 the Amazon company launched, Amazon Web Service which is commonly recognized as cloud computing. The main plus point of cloud computing and Amazon Web Services is that the company has a skill and talent to encourage a new business structure and turn capital structure overheads into variable costs (Martinez Ramos, 2004). Now businesses have no longer need to plan and deliver it in action, using AWS industries can take the benefit of Amazons experts and saving of measure to access of funds when their business wants them, and sending consequences faster and at a lower price. Today, AWS delivers reliable, nominal price structure in the cloud that powers a number of other companies, various customers businesses around the whole world (Martinez Ramos, 2004). For the book lovers, Amazon introduces the first Kindle in 2007, a portable reader that wirelessly downloads the number of books, magazines, blogs and other documents. Amazon introduces the first Fire Tablet it becomes the most fruitful product introduce by the Amazon company. The Amazon.com believes in innovative technology thoughts and advance equipment that expands the purchasers, sellers, and developers around the world. Logistic business analysis Logistics and supply chain management as an area of study has been getting increasing care from experts over the last two decades since it may lead to the reduced operational cost, improve delivery performance and increases customer approval stage, thereby making Amazon business more inexpensive in terms of cost, quality, and delivery of products (Aketin Yurtay, 2015). The importance of logistics and supply chain management is increasing as Amazon.com is manufacturing and distributing their products on a global scale, and at this condition making a supply chain is complex to manage. From its opening year as one of the first online spending website, Amazon.com has given the impression on the logistics of spreading as essential to the online retail experience It's progressing has been enormous. While in the commencement years the company delivers books, now it sells almost each and everything in the whole year (Golicic Sebastiao, 2011). Much of the success comes down to supply chain management. Certainly, Amazon business is gradually becoming a logistic company, as it enables the loading and sale of goods from third party suppliers. Its supply chain management is simple and active which starts with an order by the customer. A company like Amazon, a current supply chain organization system requires proper planning and operational model, and effective communication between different partners and third parties. In supply chain management, proper planning, production, distribution and customer service must be included. Logistic process Logistic process links the relationship between manufacturing and consumption of the products. It is an essential part of the supply chain and is useful for planning and operating model system successfully (Huang Li, 2009). As the Amazon.com foremost goal line is to deliver finest facilities to the customer at least cost supply chain management helps in fulfilling the goal at the right product at the right place and at the proper time (Huang Li, 2009). Logistic process organizes all activity elaborate in acquiring, distributing products and customer satisfaction and deliver the essential level of customer service in a well-organized, and cost active manner. Business and supply chain strategy The Amazon business strategy is to participate in variety, authenticity and price of retail products. Its aim is to become the global best company. The company has built their own supply chain that supports their corporate strategy. Its overall strategy resulted from an innovative supply chain design, creative management techniques, and emphasis on cost effective methods. Lets discuss the Amazon. Coms supply chain variation through its operational models. Operational Model The Amazon Company does not have an individual retail accumulation and it morally activates as an online retailer. Customers order through online that serve as a computer-generated storefront. The product is delivered through the network of distribution through wholesalers and the third parties. This effective model agrees with Amazon.com strategy of range, price, and comfort. In the Amazon business operating model, a huge amount of shoppers orders their goods. As a result, Amazon company, to keep in mind price low for the customers though sustaining success. As the number of customers and orders increased, Amazon.com information technology and distribution assets are exploited more successfully (Gazda Malindk, 2012). This results in the company to maintain its profit sharing ratio at a low-cost price. Thus, Amazon com supply chain gives importance on providing outstanding facilities to customers through the product availability and range of selecting of service. The combination of customer service and comfort on which they strive at a cheap price. Now lets explain the scale, scope to support the Amazon.com operational aims of product convenience, and its consumption and efficiency in support of the Amazon business strategy. Scale Amazon business realizes numerous benefits from innovative measures to influence the scale in their supply chain. In Amazon business, huge and computerized services with important information technology savings are shaped with high primary fixed costs, but the comparatively low marginal cost of satisfying an extra order (Gazda Malindk, 2012). Hence, economies of scale are appreciated as the number of orders is increased. Scope The Amazon Company offers various items for sale in different categories of products. The company defines its model to support its strategy of the business and provide differently and a large range of products. Amazon also provides a stage to third parties to sell their products. Through this operating model, it becomes easy for the customers to find a range of goods at Amazon.com (Flynn et al., 2016). This network allows the Amazon to increase the range that it has available without sustaining logistic costs. Amazon gives more supports in range through partnerships with the vendors. Amazon offers the e-commerce stage and order realization for Target.com. This is helpful for an Amazon business model that allow more list of ranges, without a big investment in stock, though there is an opportunity cost to carrying the inventory in the storeroom (Flynn et al., 2016). Services Amazon .com is the customer-centred company. The buyer facility involvement throughout the online purchasing process is a part of the Amazon business from other competitive company. It traits a share of its reducing realization cost to an upgrading in order accurateness, which in turns has reduced its customer calls (Priem Swink, 2012). The Amazon Company has financed a huge amount in technology and methods that confirm that logistics facility stages are encountered. The Amazon business operates its equipment set-up to deliver their regular customers with direct perceptibility concerning a predictable delivery date for an order. Amazon business also stretches assurances for third party delivery service, which donates to the costs, but encourages their attention to service. Service window management is a technique where Amazon business stabilities cost and logistics customers provision. Amazon.com recently offer free carriage charges in order for $25 or more (Rezaye Abbasi Charkhi et al., 2015). The program helps to determine income increase through customer satisfaction and possibly increasing the units of an order to fulfill the free carriage orders. Teamwork and Technology Amazon operating models are manufactured on teamwork through technology among the partners in its prolonged supply chain. Amazon business operates technology to associate with its drop shipper to know stock availability for order tracking. Moreover, Amazon.com generates a supply chain stage that linked the third party and other buyers (Rezaye Abbasi Charkhi et al., 2015). Technology modernization is a central principle at Amazon company in generating buyer value from the shopping involvement to the logistics behind order realization. Investment in the Amazon.com website, as well as supply chain support applications, such as their advanced warehouse management system, helps to allow their effective and planned supply chain creativities. The Amazon Company has an opportunity for the growth and increasing its revenue at present and in future. However, it is important to acknowledge the main challenges that occur in the Amazon. Com chase of further market share gains from other established retailers. In the future, the company has to face profitability pressure to increase the price of its prime service. There will be healthy competition with a number of retailers fighting for market share (Esper Russell Crook, 2014). Amazon.com currently challenged Wal-Marts highly observed supply experience; they come for the low prices. More and more frequently, consumers are doing price comparisons online and then purchasing cheaper products from Amazon.com. Amazon assured to deliver the product on next day order online. In this response to competition, Wal-Mart announced its same-day delivery strategy for online customers. Wal-Mart is one of the main challenges of Amazon Company as it includes grocery delivery services and is try ing to achieve the aim of the same day delivery process (Rezaye Abbasi Charkhi et al., 2015). Amazon Company supply chain strategy linkage to competitive strategy As the chief opponent of Amazon.com is the Wal-Mart. The Amazon Company operates their scale, scope, and service in a combined way to confirm stock obtainability and drive down supply chain cost to provide the range, comfort and low-cost price experience on which they participate (Esper Russell Crook, 2014). The table shows how the supply chain stages that are the service, scale, and scope. These stages support Amazon.com as the main pillar for the shopper, understanding of comfort range and price to sustain strategies of Amazon. Amzon.com creativity in attaining economies of scale in realization and transportation is supported and strengthened by service window management creativity. These innovative thoughts lead the company to decrease the cost that can be operated to improve profit through lower prices. Scope and services join together to allow a customer to find a huge range of products on Amazon.com with all-in-one implementation. Amazon key intention is the buyer gratification with well-being at low cost through the final delivery of the product (Cross, 2000). In Amazon business supply chain management enables the business objectives of nonstop progress and better revenue. Amazon does not compete the challenges by accusing lower price but in its place makes its significant profit by paying a focused approach. Amazon avoids the high inventory-caring cost of niche items while also creating competitive advantage by selling to niche customers. Customers are authentic to Amazon because they know they can find their needy product at Amazon.com without any problem. Conclusion Hence we concluded that Amazon does not stock everything that is sold through online as another part of its retail strategy is to assist as the network for other retailers to sell their products. It maintains its image as a journey's end website, but doesnt have to maintain an inventory of low-cost selling products. This approach has made Amazon company a leading long lasting retailer company, expanding its range of products with low-cost price without compromising the relief and gratification of customers (Cross, 2000). Amazon.com, the main operational goal is to deliver a better service, where a purchaser can always find the products and items for which they are searching and the nominal price they are willing to pay. It uses of scale, service and scope through innovative operational models, a partnership with third parties, and supply chain method efficiencies enable them to provide range, comfort, and competing for the price. Amazon businesses attain supply chain superiority thro ugh concentrating supply chain thoughts on specific goals that sustenance and strengthen their continuing modest business strategy. The Amazon value suggestion of price and suitability hold correct and proper in all of its product categories, allowing it to spread it into a new market and develops its customer relationships. The company has occupied online retail with an honestly standard traditional retail business model over the internet, by means of its purchase influence and economic funds to control the market position. References Aketin, E. and Yurtay, Y. (2015) "An Application for Usage of Decson Support Systems (DSS) in Logistic Operations and Efficiency Analysis",Pamukkale Journal of Business and Information Management, 2(1), pp. 39-58. Bag, S. (2016) "Flexible procurement systems is key to supply chain sustainability",Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 10(1). Cross, G. (2000) "HOW E Business is Transforming Supply Chain Management",Journal of Business Strategy, 21(2), pp. 36-39. Esper, T. and Russell Crook, T. (2014) "Supply Chain Resources: Advancing Theoretical Foundations and Constructs",J Supply Chain Manag, p. n/a-n/a. Flynn, B., Koufteros, X. and Lu, G. (2016) "On Theory in Supply Chain Uncertainty and its Implications for Supply Chain Integration",J Supply Chain Manag, 52(3), pp. 3-27. Gazda, A. and Malindk, D. (2012) "The quality of the logistic process",ZN PRz ZiM. Golicic, S. and Sebastiao, H. (2011) "Supply Chain Strategy in Nascent Markets: The Role of Supply Chain Development in the Commercialization Process",Journal of Business Logistics, 32(3), pp. 254-273. Huang, J. and Li, A. (2009) "Empirical Analysis on Perceived Risk of Enterprises Logistics Supervisor for Outsourcing Logistic Business",IBR, 2(2). Huang, J. (2014) "Innovative replenishment management for perishable items using logistic regression and grey analysis",International Journal of Business Performance Management, 15(2), p. 138. Koester, V. (2015) "Communication Along the Supply Chain",ChemViews. Leavy, B. (2006) "Supply chain effectiveness: strategy and integration",Handbook of Business Strategy, 7(1), pp. 331-336. Lee, S. and van Wyk, J. (2014) "National institutions and logistic performance: a path analysis",Serv Bus, 9(4), pp. 733-747. Martinez Ramos, M. (2004) "Interaction between management accounting and supply chain management",Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 9(2), pp. 134-138. Priem, R. and Swink, M. (2012) "A Demand-side Perspective on Supply Chain Management",J Supply Chain Manag, 48(2), pp. 7-13. Rezaye Abbasi Charkhi, M., Aminnayeri, M. and Amiri, A. (2015) "Process Capability Indices for Logistic Regression Profile",Qual. Reliab. Engng. Int., p. n/a-n/a.

The French and Indian War (1754

The French and Indian War (1754-1763), was the las Essay t of four North American wars waged from 1689 to 1763 between the British and the French, with their respective Native American and colonial allies, for domination in the New World. Britains eventual victory stripped France of its North American empire, thus concluding the series of conflicts (King Georges War; King Williams War; Queen Annes War), which were known collectively as the French and Indian War. Although the war began in America, it expanded (1756-1763) into Europe as the Seven Years War, and into Asia as the Third Carnatic War. In winning the war, however, the British government had virtually doubled its national debt and acquired more territory than it could control. Attempts by British politicians to reform the administration of the empire and to raise revenue by taxing the colonies soon antagonized the colonists and eventually precipitated the American Revolution. We will write a custom essay on The French and Indian War (1754-1763), was the las specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The French and Indian War, of which England was victorious, allowed the British to become the prominent power in the North American continent, which contributed to the restlessness of the colonials. The peace settlement at Paris in 1763 expelled all French power from the North American continent. This allowed Great Britain to emerge as the predominant authority in North America. The war determined that English rather than French ideas and institutions would also dominate North America. To quell any more post-war uprisings by the Indians, Parliament administered its Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian mountains. The Americans were upset that they were not allowed to advance westward and revolted accordingly by organizing a fleet of roughly 1,000 wagons to migrate on trails to the west. The restlessness and impatience of the eager colonials represented their strong desire to take over the entire continent. This early and mild example of rebelliousness characterizes a strong ambitious people ready to free themselves from the chains of the crown. The Stamp Act, a taxation system adopted by Parliament in 1765 in order to financially tap the colonies for aid in war debt (140 million, accumulated by the Seven Years War) united the colonies against the crown in a major step towards revolution. The Stamp Act required that all legal documents, licenses, commercial contracts, deeds, mortgages, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards carry a tax stamp issued and sold by the British government. Passed without debate, it aroused widespread opposition among the colonists, who argued that because they were not represented in Parliament, they could not legally be taxed without their consent. Additionally, according to Benjamin Franklin in his testimony against the Stamp Act before the House of Commons in London, there is not gold and silver enough in the colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year. To the colonists, the Stamp Act violated the right of English subjects not to be taxed without representation; it undermined the independence of their colonial assemblies; and it appeared to be one step in a plot to deprive them of their liberty. The unity of the American colonists in their opposition to the Stamp Act contributed substantially to the rise of American nationalist sentiment, and the conflict between the colonists and the British government over the Stamp Act should be considered one of the fundamental immediate causes of the American Revolution. The Townshend Acts of 1767 indirectly led to a series of events preceding American revolutionary activity. The Townshend Acts, named after the British chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, were measures passed by the British Parliament politically and financially affecting the American colonies. The first measure called for the suspension of the New York Assembly, thus penalizing it for not complying with the Quartering Act, enacted two years earlier, requiring the colonies to provide adequate quartering of British troops in the New World. The second measure, called the Revenue Act, imposed customs duties on colonial imports of glass, red and white lead, paints, paper, and tea. .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .postImageUrl , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:hover , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:visited , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:active { border:0!important; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:active , .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545 .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9b9e6bf75cd80d30c5e065d77f7a545:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Equality & Diversity Sample Essay The Townshend Acts were tremendously unpopular with the colonials. The colonials conjured up non- importation agreements against the Townshend Acts and smuggled tea at inexpensive prices. These rebellious reactions increased particularly in Massachusetts. In response this active criticism of the measures, the British crown dissolved the Massachusetts legislature in 1768. Subsequently, the Boston Massacre occurred in March 1770, when British troops fired upon American demonstrators. The Townshend Acts faltered in revenue production, though it did almost cause a severe colonial uprising. These events brought the colonies closer to revolution. Englands debt from the Seven Years War induced Parliament to suffocate the ambitious colonists with a myriad of .